Research: corner cases of "perfect forwarding"

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Fischlurch 2014-09-21 02:54:54 +02:00
parent 9dfd3fc981
commit 264b7e8e0f

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@ -25,230 +25,105 @@
// 1/12 - is partial application of member functions possible?
// 5/14 - c++11 transition: detect empty function object
// 7/14 - c++11 transition: std hash function vs. boost hash
// 9/14 - variadic templates and perfect forwarding
/** @file try.cpp
** Investigation: how to supply a hash function for custom types.
** This example defines two custom types, each of which provides a way
** to calculate hash values. But in one case, we use the new \c std::hash
** as a framework, in the other case we use the extension mechanism for
** \c boost::hash. The latter has the benefit of being simpler and less verbose
** to write, since a simple ADL function is sufficient as extension point
**
** Now it would be desirable to bridge automatically between the two systems of
** defining hash functions. Unfortunately, the standard library since GCC 4.7
** contains a default implementation of std::hash to trigger a static assertion.
** Probably this was meant to educate people, but has the adverse side effect to
** prohibit any metaprogramming through SFINAE
**
** This mistake was corrected somewhere in the 4.8.x series, but in the meantime
** we'll use the dirty trick proposed by "enobayram" to hijack and fix the problematic
** definition from the standard library.
** http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12753997/check-if-type-is-hashable
**
** Moreover, in this exploration, we build an automatic bridge to invoke
** existing boost hash functions whenever a \c std::hash definition is required.
** Investigation: pitfalls of "perfect forwarding".
** Find out about the corner cases where chained argument forwarding
** does not work as expected
**
*/
#include "lib/test/test-helper.hpp"
#include "lib/util.hpp"
#include <cstddef>
namespace lib {
namespace meta {
namespace {
struct NoUsableHashDefinition { size_t more_than_one[2]; };
typedef size_t HasUsableHashDefinition;
NoUsableHashDefinition hash_value(...);
}
template<typename TY>
class provides_BoostHashFunction
{
TY const& unusedDummy = *(TY*)nullptr;
public:
enum{ value = (sizeof(HasUsableHashDefinition) == sizeof(hash_value(unusedDummy))) };
};
}}
#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
namespace std {
template<typename Result, typename Arg>
struct __hash_base;
template<typename TY, typename TOGGLE = void>
struct _HashImplementationSelector
: public __hash_base<size_t, TY>
{
static_assert (sizeof(TY) < 0, "No hash implementation found. Either specialise std::hash or provide a boost-style hash_value via ADL.");
typedef int NotHashable;
};
template<typename TY>
struct _HashImplementationSelector<TY, typename boost::enable_if< lib::meta::provides_BoostHashFunction<TY> >::type >
: public __hash_base<size_t, TY>
{
size_t
operator() (TY const& elm) const noexcept
{
return hash_value(elm);
}
};
/**
* Primary class template for std::hash.
* We provide no default implementation, but a marker type
* to allow detection of custom implementation through metaprogramming
*/
template<typename TY>
struct hash
: public _HashImplementationSelector<TY>
{ };
}
#define hash hash_HIDDEN
#define _Hash_impl _Hash_impl_HIDDEN
#include <functional>
#undef hash
#undef _Hash_impl
namespace std {
struct _Hash_impl
: public std::_Hash_impl_HIDDEN
{
template<typename ... ARGS>
static auto
hash (ARGS&&... args) -> decltype(hash_HIDDEN (std::forward<ARGS>(args)...))
{
return hash_HIDDEN (std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
}
};
#define STD_HASH_IMPL(_TY_) \
template<> struct hash<_TY_> : public hash_HIDDEN<_TY_> { };
STD_HASH_IMPL (bool)
STD_HASH_IMPL (char)
STD_HASH_IMPL (signed char)
STD_HASH_IMPL (unsigned char)
STD_HASH_IMPL (wchar_t)
STD_HASH_IMPL (char16_t)
STD_HASH_IMPL (char32_t)
STD_HASH_IMPL (short)
STD_HASH_IMPL (int)
STD_HASH_IMPL (long)
STD_HASH_IMPL (long long)
STD_HASH_IMPL (unsigned short)
STD_HASH_IMPL (unsigned int)
STD_HASH_IMPL (unsigned long)
STD_HASH_IMPL (unsigned long long)
STD_HASH_IMPL (float)
STD_HASH_IMPL (double)
STD_HASH_IMPL (long double)
#undef STD_HASH_IMPL
}
#include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
class S
class Interface
{
public:
virtual ~Interface() { }
virtual string op() const =0;
};
class Impl
: public Interface
{
string s_;
friend std::hash<S>;
string
op() const override
{
return s_;
}
public:
S(string ss ="")
Impl(string ss ="IMP")
: s_(ss)
{ }
};
namespace std {
template<>
struct hash<S>
{
size_t
operator() (S const& val) const noexcept
{
hash<string> string_hasher;
return string_hasher(val.s_);
}
};
template<typename X>
void
diagnostics (string id, const void* addr)
{
cout << id << "\n"
<< "invoked with.. " << lib::test::showType<X>()
<< "\n Address ... " << addr
<< "\n is lRef ... " << std::is_lvalue_reference<X>::value
<< "\n is rRef ... " << std::is_rvalue_reference<X>::value
<< "\n"
;
}
class V
{
vector<string> v_;
public:
V(string ss ="")
{
v_.push_back(ss);
}
friend size_t
hash_value (V const& v)
{
return boost::hash_value(v.v_);
}
};
void
invoke (Interface const& ref)
{
using Ty = Interface const&;
diagnostics<Ty> ("Invoke", &ref);
cout << "instanceof Impl?" << bool(INSTANCEOF(Impl, &ref)) <<"\n";
cout << ref.op();
}
template<class FUN, typename A>
void
indirect_1 (FUN fun, A&& a)
{
diagnostics<A> ("Indirect-1", &a);
fun (std::forward<A> (a));
}
template<class FUN, typename A>
void
indirect_2 (FUN fun, A&& a)
{
diagnostics<A> ("Indirect-2", &a);
indirect_1 (fun, std::forward<A> (a));
}
int
main (int, char**)
{
string p("Путин"), pp(p);
S s(p), ss(pp);
V v(p), vv(pp);
Impl obj;
Interface const& ref = obj;
std::hash<string> std_stringHasher;
boost::hash<string> boo_stringHasher;
cout << "before call. Address... "<<&ref<<"\n";
std::hash<S> std_customHasher;
boost::hash<V> boo_customHasher;
std::function<void(Interface const&)> fun(invoke);
std::hash<V> boo2std_crossHar;
cout << "raw hash(std) = " << std_stringHasher(p) <<"|"<< std_stringHasher(pp)
<< "\n (boost) = " << boo_stringHasher(p) <<"|"<< boo_stringHasher(pp)
<< "\n custom hash (std) " << std_customHasher(s) <<"|"<< std_customHasher(ss)
<< "\n custom hash (boost) " << boo_customHasher(v) <<"|"<< boo_customHasher(vv)
<< "\n has_boost_hash<S> " << lib::meta::provides_BoostHashFunction<S>::value
<< "\n has_boost_hash<V> " << lib::meta::provides_BoostHashFunction<V>::value
<< "\n use boost from std: " << boo2std_crossHar(v) <<"|"<< boo2std_crossHar(vv)
;
// Note: does not compile,
// since there is not automatic bridge from std to boost hash
//
// boost::hash<S>()(s);
indirect_2 (fun, ref);
indirect_2 (fun, Impl("honk"));
cout << "\n.gulp.\n";